THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

PRESENTED  BY 

PROF.  CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 
MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


AN  ALPINE  ABC 


AN  ALPINE 
ABC 

AND  LIST  OF  EASY 
ROCK  PLANTS 


ARRANGED   BY 

A.   METHUEN 


NEW  YORK 

E.  P.  BUTTON  AND  COMPANY 
PUBLISHERS 


PRINTED   IN   GREAT   BRITAIN   BY 

BUTLER    &   TANNER, 
FROME    AND     LONDON 


PREFACE 

THESE  notes  are  for  the  beginner  and 
the  amateur.    Their  purpose  is — 

(1)  To  give  a  list  of  the  most  attractive 
and  the  easiest  Alpine  flowers.     They   do 
not  include  difficult  or  curious  plants.   These 
are  for  the  specialist. 

(2)  To  guide  him  in  the  placing  and  culture 
of  such  plants.    The  notes  are  designedly 
short,  and  more  elaborate  lists  and  advice 
can  be  found  in  larger  Alpine  garden  books. 

The  compiler  has  had  experience  of  most 
of  these  plants,  and  has  cultivated  them  with 
(more  or  less)  success,  but  the  reader  will 
remember  that  the  directions  which  are 
appropriate  to  a  dry  and  sandy  position  will 
not  suit  a  low  and  damp  one,  and  he  must 
adjust  his  methods  to  his  necessities. 

Here  are  a  few  rules  which  the  amateur 
may  follow  with  the  qualifications  which  the 
aspect,  the  soil  and  the  configuration  of  his 
garden  make  necessary  : — 

i.  The  best  aspect  is  south-east. 


M365089 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


2.  The  rock  garden  should  be  built  of  hard 

stone  in  tiers,  and  the  rocks  should 
slope  slightly  so  that  the  rain  may 
run  away.  If  you  must  use  sandstone, 
see  that  it  is  well  weathered. 

3.  Let    your   rocks   be   large,    plentiful, 

well-placed  and  laid  flat.  Nothing  is 
more  odious  than  the  ordinary 
"  rockery  "  with  a  number  of  small, 
pointed  and  jagged  stones. 

4.  The   soil   should  be  mixed  with  grit 

and  should  be  of  good  quality.  Most 
alpines  like  a  good  garden  soil,  i.e., 
a  light  loam.  If  the  soil  is  sandy  it 
should  be  enriched  by  fibrous  loam 
and  leaf  mould.  If  it  is  poor,  give 
a  little  mild  horse  manure  to  the 
stronger  plants.  If  it  is  heavy,  it 
should  be  mixed  with  light  soil  and 
well-drained.  Sphagnum  moss  is  use- 
ful for  plants  which  like  damp. 

5.  If  the  soil  is  wanting  in  lime,   lime 

should  be  added  where  its  use  is 
indicated.  Most  alpines  like  lime, 
but  some  detest  it.  Old  mortar- 
rubble  is  good.  It  is  useful  to  have 
a  lime  area  and  a  non-lime  area,  and 
to  keep  the  lime-loving  plants  separate 
from  the  lime-haters. 


PREFACE 

6.  Plant  your  alpines  close  to  or  at  the 

foot  of  the  rocks,  for  most  plants  like 
the  shelter  and  the  damp  of  a  rock. 
Many  plants  should  be  wedged  tightly 
between  stones,  e.g.  the  saxifrages. 

7.  Top-dress   your   plants   two   or   three 

times  a  year  and  see  that  small  plants 
are  kept  firmly  in  the  ground  so  that 
their  roots  are  not  exposed.  Once  a 
year  top-dress  with  stone  chips. 
Plants  like  this  dressing,  and  it  keeps 
the  soil  moist  in  summer. 

8.  When  planting  spread  out  the  roots 

well,  giving  them  plenty  of  room,  and 
press  down  firmly.  In  dry  weather 
plunge  the  plant  into  water  before 
setting  it  in  its  place. 

9.  You  should  always  have  one  or  two 

moraines  for  some  of  the  more  delicate 
alpines,  especially  those  with  hair- 
like  roots  which  only  flourish  in  such 
soils,  e.g.,  gentiana  verna  and  the 
androsaces.1 

1  The  enthusiast  who  wishes  to  grow  the  high 
Alpine  plants  to  perfection  must  make  a  small 
moraine,  and  he  will  do  well  to  look  to  the  natural 
conditions  under  which  these  plants  live  and  which 
he  hopes  to  imitate.  A  friend  gives  the  following 
recipe  : — 

The  moraines  of  the  Alps  are  simply  tumbled 
vii 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


10.  Plants  of  the  same  family  should  be 
kept  together  where  this  is  possible. 
It  is  more  interesting  to  have  a  saxi- 

masses  of  mountain  d£bris,  stones  of  all  sizes  and 
shapes,  sand  and  shingle,  all  knit  firmly  together, 
and  containing  the  merest  trace  of  primitive 
vegetable  soil,  washed  down  from  the  rocky 
heights. 

In  our  gardens  the  moraine  must  be  made  on 
the  same  plan.  It  should  face  as  near  as  possible 
south-east,  and  be  so  arranged  that  its  surface  is 
well  raised  above  ground  level,  the  better  to  afford 
an  easy  view  of  its  treasures. 

Let  the  main  bulk  be  made  up  of  stones  varying 
from  the  size  of  a  man's  head  to  that  of  his  fist. 
All  the  spaces  between  these  stones  are  tightly 
packed  in  the  building  with  the  "  moraine  mixture," 
which  is  composed  of  fine  quarry  sittings,  granite 
or  limestone  chips,  or  any  other  similar  material 
which  may  be  available.  This  is  mixed  with  about 
one-fifth  of  its  bulk  of  topspit  peat  and  leaf-soil. 

The  whole  must  be  not  less  than  18  inches  in 
depth,  and  should  be  bounded  behind  by  rocky 
walls.  The  surface  should  show  a  few  weathered 
stones  half  hidden  in  the  general  mass. 

A  moraine  built  on  the  lines  indicated  here  will 
retain  moisture  for  very  long  periods  and,  in  dry 
weather,  may  be  watered  with  the  rose. 

It  is  the  larger  stones  which  play  the  most 
important  part  in  retaining  water,  and  if  these  are 
of  a  porous  nature,  so  much  the  better.  Round 
these  stones  the  roots  of  the  plants  will  cling,  always 
assured  of  those  conditions  which  make  life  and 
growth  easy  fir  them. 


PREFACE 

frage  section,  a  primula  section,  a 
campanula  section,  than  to  have  the 
various  species  of  these  plants  scat- 
tered minutely  about  the  garden. 

11.  Aim  at  mass  effects.    The  beauty  of 

alpine  flowers  in  their  homes  is  largely 
derived  from  the  lovely  mass  of  colour 
which  glows  on  the  slopes  and  mea- 
dows. Thus  make  a  carpet  of  gentiana 
verna  or  acaulis  (200  or  so  if  you  can 
raise  them).  Among  these  plant  the 
smaller  anemones,  androsaces,  dian- 
thus  alpinus  and  the  small  primulas. 
Above  these,  on  a  higher  slope,  plant 
masses  of  dryas,  the  larger  anemones, 
and  the  blue  aquilegias. 

12.  You  will  have  more  success  and  a  more 

effective  display  if  you  grow  a  moder- 
ate number  of  plants  well  than  a 
large  number  of  plants  poorly.  Only 
grow  plants  that  thrive  in  your  soil 
and  climate.  Do  not  worry  about 
rare  and  difficult  plants.  Leave  them 
to  specialists. 

13.  Plant  flowering  shrubs  at  the  back  of 

your  rock  garden,  but  do  not  overdo 
them.  They  should  give  a  background, 
but  should  not  dominate.  The  best 
are  given  in  the  following  pages. 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


14.  Rock  plants   are   delicate   and  short- 

lived things  and  must  constantly  be 
renewed.  Never  cease  propagating 
either  by  division  or  cuttings  or  seeds. 
Collect  your  own  seeds.  They  will 
often  do  better  than  bought  seeds. 
It  is  generally  better  to  sow  such 
seeds  as  soon  as  they  are  ripe. 

15.  Above  all,  remember  that  advice,  rules 

and  directions  are  useless  without  the 
seeing  eye  and  the  observing  mind. 
Watch  constantly  and  learn. 

A.  M. 
July,  1922. 


THE    ALPINE    HOUSE 

IF  you  have  an  uriheated  greenhouse  and 
can  afford  the  space  you  will  be  able  to 
grow  many  Alpine  treasures  under  glass 
better  than  in  the  open.  In  their  native 
mountains,  protected  from  excessive  rain 
by  a  blanket  of  snow,  these  little  plants  are 
warm  and  thriving  and  ready  for  the  next 
spring.  But  under  our  bleak  and  moist  sky, 
and  exposed  to  our  heavy  rains,  the  andro- 
saces  and  such-like  damp  off  or  become 
miserable  and  ineffective  mounds  of  flannel. 
In  November,  therefore,  put  some  of  your 
Alpines  in  your  cold  house,  having  carefully 
planted  them  in  pots  or  pans  in  their  proper 
soil,  and  in  due  time  you  will  have  a  charming 
display  of  flowers,  all  healthy  and  untouched 
by  dirt  or  damp.1 

1  Plants  intended  for  display  in  the  Alpine  house 
should  be  grown  in  shallow  pots  or  pans.  Two 
very  useful  sizes  are  4  inches  deep  by  6  inches  wide 
and  4^  inches  deep  by  6J  inches  wide. 

The  soil  must  be  carefully  compounded  to  suit 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


The  following  are  specially  suited  to  this 
treatment : — 

All  the  androsaces. 

The    smaller    anemones,  e.g.  Appennina, 

Pulsatilla  and  Robinsoniana. 
Many   campanulas,    e.g.,    G.    F.    Wilson, 

garganica,  pulla  and  pusilla. 
Cyananthus  lobatus. 
Cyclamen  Coum  and  Europaeum. 
Dianthus  alpinus  and  neglectus. 
Gentiana  acaulis  and  verna. 
Dryas  lanata. 
Erodium  corsicum. 
Fritillaria. 
Hepatica. 
Houstonia. 
Hypericum  reptans. 
Iris  reticulata. 
Linum  arboreum. 
Lithospermum  graminifolium. 

the  requirements  of  each  plant.  It  should  not  be 
finely  sifted,  and  should  contain  plenty  of  coarse 
sand  and  stony  material. 

The  saxifrages,  and,  in  fact,  all  the  saxatile  plants, 
are  best  grown  and  displayed  by  planting  among 
comparatively  large  stones  which  are  sunken  deeply 
in  the  pans  and  form  a  miniature  rock- work  on  the 
surface.  Very  pleasing  effects  may  be  obtained 
by  the  use  of  weathered  pieces  of  stone  arranged 
as  a  setting  for  the  plant. 


THE    ALPINE    HOUSE 


Malvastrum  Munroanum. 

Morisia  hypogaea. 

Myosotis  rupicola. 

Nertera  depressa. 

Omphalodes  Luciliae. 

Onosma. 

Oxalis  enneaphylla,  etc. 

Papaver  alpinum. 

Penstemon  cseruleus. 

Phlox  subulata,  various. 

Potentilla  nitida. 

Primula  Beesiana,  Bulleyana,  auricula, 
farinosa,  frondosa,  helodoxa,  Juliae, 
Lissadell,  Littoniana,  rosea,  Winteri. 

Ramondia. 

Rhododendron  chamaecistus. 

Saponaria  ocymoides. 

Saxifrages,  nearly  all. 

Schizocodon. 

Schizostylis. 

Shortia  uniflora. 

Silene. 

Soldanella. 

Trollius  asiaticus. 

Viola  pedata. 

Wahlenbergia. 

Many  delightful  small  bulbs,  e.g.  Narcissus 
triandrus  albus,  etc.,  make  a  picture  in  an 
Alpine  house. 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 

ABELIA  RUPESTRIS  (4-5  ft.).     Pink. 

A  beautiful  shrub  for  a  back  position. 
AC^ENA  MICROPHYLLA   (NOV^   ZEALANDI^) 
(1-2  in.).     Red. 

A  useful  carpet  plant  which  will  grow  anywhere. 
ACANTHOLIMON  GLUMACEUM  (5-7  in.).     Rose. 

—  VENUSTUM  (6-8  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  in  the  sun  in  loam,  lime  and  sand  between 
stones.     Propagate  by  layering  or  from  seed. 
ACHILLEA  CLAVENN^E  (6-8  in.).     White. 

—  TOMENTOSA  (&-I2  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  south  in  a  chink  in  loam,  lime  and  grit. 
Propagate  by  division  or  from  seed. 
ADONIS  VERNALIS  (10-15  in.).     Yellow. 

—  AMURENSIS  (10-15  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  south  in  a  good  sandy  loam.     Divide 
every  three  years  or  raise  from  seed. 
^ETHIONEMA  CORIDIFOLIUM   (6-7  in.).     Rose- 
lilac. 

—  GRANDIFLORUM  (10-12  in.).     Rose. 
•—  PULCHELLUM  (8-12  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  all  these  south  in  a  chink  in  lime  and 
loam.    Cut  back  after  flowering,  and  raise  from 
cuttings  or  from  seed. 
AJUGA  REPTANS  (4-8  in.).     Dark  blue. 

Plant  in  half  shade.     Propagate  by  division 
of  tufts  in  spring. 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


ALLIUM  CSRULEUM  (12-18  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  south  in  sandy  loam  and  propagate  by 

offsets. 
ALYSSUM  ARGENTEUM  (3  In.).     White. 

—  MONTANUM  (2-4  in.).     Yellow. 

—  PYRENAICUM  (8  in.).     White. 

—  SAXATILE  (12  in.).     Yellow. 

There  is  a  double  form,  and  a  light  yellow  one 
(sulphurea). 

—  SPINOSUM  (7-8  in.).     White. 

Plant  all    above  behind  a  stone  or  between 
stones  on  the  slope  in  gritty  soil.    Propagate  by 
cuttings,  division  or  seed,  and  raise  new  plants 
every  two  years. 
ANDROSACE  CARNEA  (3-4  in.).     Pink. 

—  LAGGERI  (3-4  in.).     Pink. 

Plant  these  on  the  flat  in  sand,  loam  and  grit, 
with  a  little  peat.  Most  Androsaces  dislike 
excessive  moisture,  and  should  be  protected 
from  rain  in  winter.  They  should  be  planted 
in  chinks  or  between  stones.  Most  do  well  in 
the  moraine.  Propagate  by  division  or  cut- 
tings or  seed. 

—  LANUGINOSA  (v.  Leichtlini)    (6-8  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  south  in  loam  and  lime  behind  a  rock  so 
that  it  may  hang  down.  Cut  back  each  year. 

—  SARMENTOSA  (v.  Chumbyi)  (5-8  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  south  in  gritty  loam  with  a  little  lime 
or  in  the  moraine. 

—  VILLOSA  (2-4  in.).     Light  rose. 

Treat  like  A.  Carnea. 

ANEMONE   ALPINA  (also   SULPHUREA)  (12-24 
in.).    White  or  yellow. 

Plant  south  in  good  loam  and  lime. 

—  APPENNINA  (6  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  sandy  loam. 
6 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


ANEMONE  BLANDA  (6  in.).     Blue. 
Plant  south  in  good  loam. 

—  HEPATICA.     See  Hepatica. 

—  NARCISSIFLORA  (10  in.).     White  or  purplish. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  damp  ground  in  loam 
and  peat. 

—  NEMEROSA  (5-6  in.).     White. 

A.    Robinsoniana   is   a   beautiful   blue   form  ; 
and  A.  Allenii  is  also  very  fine. 
Plant  west  in  sandy  loam. 

—  PULSATILLA  (6-12  in.).     Purple. 

Plant  east  in  limy  soil.  It  often  dies  off  and 
needs  constant  renewal. 

—  SYLVESTRIS  (6-18  in.).     White. 

—  VERNALIS  (2-8  in.).     White  and  violet. 

Plant  south  in  half  shade  in  sandy  loam.  Most 
of  the  anemones  may  be  propagated  by  divid- 
ing the  roots  in  spring  or  autumn  or  by  seeds. 

ANTENNARIA  TOMENTOSA  (i  in.).     White. 

Plant  in  light  soil.  Propagate  by  division  in 
spring  or  by  seed. 

ANTHEMIS  AIZOON  (2-4  in.).     White. 

Plant  in  full  sun  in  light  soil.  Propagate 
by  dividing  the  roots  in  spring  or  from  seed. 

ANTHERICUM  LILIAGO  (1-2  ft.).     White. 

—  LILIASTRUM  (1-2  ft.).     White. 

Plant  in  large  clumps  in  half  shade  In  loam 

and  leaf -mould.     Top-dress  with  mild  manure. 

Divide  the  roots. 
ANTHYLLIS  MONTANA  (3-6  in.).     Pink  or  purple. 

Plant  south  in   a   chink  in   loam   and   lime. 

Propagate  by  cuttings  or  seed. 
ANTIRRHINUM  ASARINA  (3-4  in.).     Pale  yellow. 

—  GLUTINOSUM  (3-4)  in.     White  and  yellow. 

Plant  south  in  a  rock  crevice  in  loam  and  lime. 
Propagate  by  seeds  or  by  cuttings  in  September. 

2  7 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


APHYLLANTHES    MONSPELIENSIS     (8-12    in.). 
Deep  blue. 

Plant  in  wet  ground  in  peat  and  loam.  In- 
crease by  dividing  the  roots  in  the  spring. 

AQUILEGIA  ALPINA  (10-20  in.).     Blue. 

—  CJERULEA  (9-12  in.).     Blue. 

—  GLANDULOSA  (9-12  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  south  in  deep  gritty  loam  with  a  little 
manure.  They  want  renewing  every  year  or 
two  by  seeds,  or  by  dividing  in  September  the 
root  stock.  They  are  beautiful  but  difficult 
things. 

ARABIS  ALBIDA  (6  in.).     White. 

Plant  south  in  a  dry  spot  and  increase  by 
seeds.  Cuttings  may  also  be  taken.  The 
double-flowered  variety  is  the  better. 

ARABIS  AUBRIETIOIDES(6-i2in.).  Pink'&white. 
Plant  south  in  rock  crevice  in  sandy  loam. 

ARENARIA  BALEARICA  (i  in.).     White. 

Plant  near  a  rock  and  it  will  soon  cover  it. 
It  likes  shade. 

—  GESPITOSA  (6-8  in.).     White. 

Plant  in  a  sunny  spot  in  sandy  loam.  Increase 
both  the  above  by  division. 

—  MONTANA  (3-6  in.).     White. 

Plant  north-west  in  loam  and  lime  on  a  slope 
behind  a  rock  where  it  can  hang  over  it.     Pro- 
pagate by  cuttings  or  seed. 
ARMERIA  C^ESPITOSA  (1-2  in.).    Pale  lilac. 

—  LAUCHEANA  (3  in.).     Crimson. 

Plant  in  half  shade.     Seed  or  division. 

—  MARITIMA  (Common  Thrift)  (1-2  in.).     Pink 
or  white. 

Plant  these  south  in  loam  and  lime  between 
two  rocks.     Divide  the  tufts. 
ARNEBIA  ECHIOIDES  (9-12  in.).   Yellow  with  spot. 
8 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


Plant  west  in  good  light  loam  and  grit.  In- 
crease by  cuttings. 

ARNICA  MONTANA  (i  ft.)      Yellow. 

Plant  in  peat  and  sand.     Propagate  by  division . 

ASPERULA  HIRTA  (6-10  in.).     White. 

Plant  south  in  sand  and  loam.  Propagate  by 
cuttings  or  seed. 

ASPHODELUS  LUTEUS  (2-3  ft.).     Yellow. 

Plant  in  damp  or  half  shade  in  loam  with  a 
little  manure.  Divide  in  early  spring. 

ASTER   ALPINUS    (6-9   in.).     White   or   rose. 
Plant  in  good  light  loam.     Increase  by  seeds 
or  cuttings  in  April,  and  protect  from  slugs. 

ASTRANTIA  (MAJOR  and  MINOR)  (18  and  6  in.). 
White  or  pink. 

ATRAGENE  ALPINA  (or  Clematis).  Blue  or  white. 
Plant  south-west  close  to  a  small  shrub  that  it 
may  climb  over,  in  loam,  lime  and  leaf -mould. 
Propagate  by  seed. 

AUBRIETIA   (2f-4   in.). 

Plant  on  a  slope  or  between  stones  in  good 
loam.  Propagate  by  seeds  in  spring  or  by  cut- 
tings in  summer  or  by  layering  or  by  division 
in  autumn.  There  are  many  new  and  charm- 
ing colours,  e.g.,  Magician. 

AURICULA  ALPINA  (4-6  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  a  chink  in  deep 
sandy  loam.  Propagate  from  seed  in  autumn. 

AZALEA  BALSAMIFLORA  (12  in.).     Rose. 

—  ROSiEFLORA  (12  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  in  the  middle  or  at  the  back  in  loam  and 
leaf -mould.  The  Kurume  Azaleas  are  very 
suitable  for  a  rock-garden. 

BELLIS  C^ERULESCENS  (1-3   in.).     Blue. 
Plant  south,  and  increase  by  division, 
9 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


BELLIUM   BELLIOIDES    (4-6    in.).     White. 

Plant  south  or  south-west    in    ordinary   soil. 

Increase  by  seeds. 
BERBERIS. 

There    are    many  new  and  beautiful  species 

which  may  be  planted  at  the  back. 
BULBOCODIUM  VERNUM  '(4-6  in.).     Rose-purple. 

Plant  south  in  sandy  loam,  and    increase   by 

offsets  of  the  bulbs. 


CALAMINTHA  ALPINA  (3  in.).     Purple. 

Plant  in  ordinary  soil  and  use  for  carpeting. 

Propagate  from  seed  when  ripe. 
CALINDRINIA  UMBELLATA  (6  in.).     Magenta. 

Plant  south  or  south-west  in  sandy  soil  and 

grit.     Increase  from  seed. 
CAMPANULA  ALLIONI  (3-4  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  in  the   moraine.     Rather   difficult  and 

likes  moisture. 

—  C^ESPITOSA  (3-4  in.).     Blue. 

—  CARPATICA  (9-12  in.).     Blue. 

—  CENISIA  (5-8  in.).    Blue. 

Plant  in  the  moraine. 

—  G.  F.  WILSON  (6  in.).     Blue. 

—  GARGANICA  (3-6  In.).     Blue. 

—  GARGANICA  VILLOSA  (3-6  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  these  in  a  cleft  in  the  sun. 

—  ISOPHYLLA  (3-5  in.).     Blue. 

—  MURALIS  (or  PORTENSCHLAGIANA)  (3-8  in.). 
Blue. 

—  PULLA  (3-6  in.).     Blue. 

—  PUSILLA  (3-6  in.).     Blue. 

All  easy  of  growth. 

—  RAINERI  (3-6  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  south  in  leaf-mould,  lime  and  grit. 
10 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


CAMPANULA  RUPESTRIS. 

Plant  south  between  stones  in  loam,  sand  and 
lime. 

—  STEVENI  NANA. 

—  WALDSTEINIANA. 

Plant  south  in  loarn,  grit  and  leaf -mould. 
Some  of  the  above  have  white  forms.     Nearly 
all   the    Campanulas   can   be   propagated  by 
cuttings  (best  way)  or  division  or  seed,  and 
they  like  sandy  loam. 

CARDAMINE  TRIPOLI  ATA  (3-6  in.).     White. 
Plant  in  damp  and  half  shade  in  ordinary  soil. 
Propagate  from  seeds  when  ripe. 

CERASTIUM  TOMENTOSUM  (6  in.).     White. 

Plant  on  a  slope  in  sand  and  lime.     Propagate 
by  division,  cuttings  or  seeds. 

CHEIRANTHUS  ALLIONI  (6  in.).     Orange. 

Plant  in  full  sun  in  good  soil  with  lime.     Pro- 
pagate from  seed  when  ripe. 

—  ALPINUS  (6-12  in.).     Yellow. 

—  LINIFOLIUS  (6-8  in.).    Purplish  blue. 

—  MUTABILIS  (2  ft.).     Cream,  changing  to  purple 
and  other  colours. 

Plant   south  in   loam   and   lime.     Propagate 

from  seed  (best  way)  or  by  division. 
CHOISYA  TERNATA  (3-7  ft.).     White. 

A   good    shrub   for   the    back.     Increase    by 

cuttings. 
CISTUS  FORMOSUS.     Yellow. 

A  shrub  for  the  middle  distance. 

Most  of  the  cistuses  are  good  for  the  back. 
CLEMATIS  ALPINA.     See  Atragene. 
CODONOPSIS  OVATA  (12-18  in.). 

Plant  in  front  of  a  stone  high  up  in  loam  .and 

sand.     Propagate  by  seeds. 
ii 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


COLCHICUM  AUTUMNALE  (3-4  in.).     Lilac. 

Plant  in  good  dampish  sandy  soil  in  a  sunny 

place.     Increase  by  offsets  from  the  corm. 
CONVOLVULUS  CNEORUM  (1-2  ft.).     Pale  rose. 

Propagate  by  cuttings  from  the  non-flowering 

shoots. 
COROKEA  COTONEASTER. 

Plant  at  back.     A  curiously  attractive  shrub. 
CORONILLA  IBERICA  (1-2  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  in   loam   and   lime,  and   propagate  by 

cuttings  or  division. 
COTONEASTER  ADPRESSA. 

A  dwarf  shrub. 
CROCUS. 

There  are  many  charming  kinds  for  the  rock- 
garden. 
CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA  NANA. 

A  dwarf  shrub  for  the  middle  distance. 
CYANANTHUS  LOBATUS  (3-4  in.).   Purplish  blue. 

Plant  south-east  in  sandy  soil,  leaf-mould  and 

grit,  and  cover  in  winter.    Increase  by  cuttings. 

A   difficult   plant  and  better  in    the    Alpine 

house. 
CYCLAMEN  COUM  (3  in.)      Purple. 

—  EUROPIUM  (5-6  in.).  Reddish. 

Plant  in  half  shade   or  under  trees  in  loam, 
lime,  leaf-mould  and  sand. 

CYPRIPEDIUM  CALCEOLUS  (12-16  in.).  Brown. 
Plant  in  half  shade  in  damp  fibrous  loam,  lime 
and  peat.  Propagate  by  division. 

—  SPECTABILE  (12-18  in.).    White  and  rose. 

Plant   as   above.     A   lovely   plant   but   diffi- 
cult. 
CYTISUS  SHIPKAENSIS  (2  ft.).    White. 

—  ARDOINI  (6  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  these  low  shrubs  at  back. 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


CYTISUS  KEWENSIS  (12  in.).     Pale  yellow. 
Plant  behind  a  rock  to  hang  down. 

DAPHNE  BLAGAYANA  (12  in.).     White. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  leaf-mould,  sand  and 
peat.  Surround  with  stones  and  peg  down 
the  young  growths. 

—  CNEORUM  (12  in.).     Rose  and  pink. 

Plant  south-east  on  the  slope  close  to  a  rock, 
in  loam,  sand  and  peat.  Increase  both  these 
by  layering. 

—  FIONIANA  (2-3  ft.).     Pink. 

A  shrub  for  the  back. 

—  RUPESTRIS  (2-4  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  peat,  lime  and  white 
sand  close  to  a  rock  or  between  two  rocks. 
Propagate  by  grafting  on  mezereum. 

DELPHINIUM    NUDICAULE    (ij    ft.).     Red    and 
yellow. 

A  charming  dwarf  species.  Plant  south  in 
good  light  soil.  Propagate  from  seed  in  April 
or  by  division  of  the  roots  in  spring  or  by 
cuttings. 

DIANTHUS  ALPINUS  (3-4  in.).     Deep  rose. 

Plant  south-east  in  the  moraine  in  loam,  lime, 
leaf-mould  and  grit.  Top-dress  carefully. 

—  ARENARIUS  (8  in.).     White. 

—  C^SIUS  (6  in.).     Pink. 

—  DELTOIDES  (6  in.).     Pink. 

—  NEGLECTUS  (2-3  in.).    Dark  rose. 

—  PLUMARIUS  (3-5  in.).    White  or  rose. 

Plant  all  the  above  south-east  in  good  loam, 
leaf -mould  and  grit,  or  in  the  moraine.  Top- 
dress  well  several  times  a  year.  Propagate 
from  seed  or  by  division  or  by  cuttings.  Most 
of  them  (but  not  Neglectus)  like  lime. 

13 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


DODECATHEON  (6  in.).     Rose  or  purple. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  a  damp  spot  in  loam 
and  leaf -mould.  Increase  by  seed  or  divi- 
sion. 

DONDIA  EPIPACTIS  (3-6  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  loam  and  leaf- 
mould.  Propagate  by  division. 

DOUGLASIA  VITALIANA  (1-2  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  south-east  in  the  moraine,  or  better  still, 
in  the  Alpine  house,  with  a  little  lime.  In- 
crease by  seed. 

DRABA  AIZOIDES  (2-3  in.).     Yellow. 

—  DEDEANA  (2-3  in.).     White. 

—  OLYMPICA  (2-3  in.).     White  to  lilac. 

Plant  south  in  a  chink  in  loamy  soil  and  lime. 
Increase  by  seed  or  division. 
DRYAS  LANATA  (3-4  in.).    White. 

Plant  south  in  a  crevice  to  hang  down.  This 
is  the  best  Dryas. 

—  OCTOPETALA  (3-4  in.).     White. 

Plant  south-east  or  south-west  on  a  slope, 
where  it  can  hang  down,  in  loam  and  grit. 

EDELWEISS.     See  Gnaphalium. 

EDRAIANTHUS.     See  Wahlenbergia. 

EMPETRUM  NIGRUM  (12-18  in.).     Pink. 

A  dwarf  shrub.  Plant  in  peat  and  loam,  and 
increase  by  cuttings. 

EPIMEDIUM  (6-12  in.).     Various  colours. 

Plant  south-east  or  south-west  in  sandy  soil 
on  the  higher  part  of  the  rock-garden.  In- 
crease by  division. 

ERICA  CARNEA  (6  in.).     Pale  red. 

Plant  on  a  slope  and  prune  after  flowering. 
There  are  many  hybrids.  Increase  by  cut- 
tings. 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


ERIGERON  ALPINUS  (9-12  in.).    Purple. 

—  MUCRONATUS  (9-12  in.).  White  and  pink. 
Plant  south-east  in  loam,  leaf-mould  and  grit. 
Increase  by  seed  or  division, 

ERINUS  ALPINUS  (5-6  in.).     Various  colours. 
Plant    south-east    or   south-west   on    a   slope 
between  rocks  in  sandy  loam.     Increase  by 
seed  and  sow  in  chinks. 
The  variety  Carmineus  is  good. 

ERODIUM  CORSICUM  (9-12  in.).     Red. 

Plant  south  in  light  soil.  Propagate  by 
division  of  the  roots  in  spring  or  from  seed 
when  ripe. 

ERYSIMUM  PULCHELLUM  (9-12  in.).  Yellow. 
Plant  south-east  in  ordinary  soil,  and  increase 
by  seeds  or  by  division. 

ERYTHR^EA  DIFFUSA  (4-6  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  loam,  leaf-mould  and 
sand.  Increase  by  seed  or  division. 

ERYTHRONIUM  (4-6  in.).     (Dog's  Tooth  Violet.) 
Various  colours. 

Plant  south-east  in  half  shade  in  loam  and  leaf- 
mould.  There  are  many  species  and  most  are 
good.  Separate  the  offsets. 

EUONYMUS  NANUS. 
A  dwarf  shrub. 

FRITILLARIA  MELEAGRIS  (12-18  in.).    Purple 
on  yellow  ground. 

Plant  in  a  damp  place  in  half  shade  in  loam  and 

leaf -mould.     Increase  by  seeds. 

The  other  fritillarias  are  also  good. 
FUCHSIA  PUMILA  (4-8  in.).     Scarlet. 

Plant   south-west   or   south-east   in   ordinary 

soil,  and  increase  by  cuttings. 

15 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


GALAX  APHYLLA  (3-6  in.).     White. 

Plant  in  a  damp  place  and  in  half  shade  in 

loam,  leaf-mould  and  peat.     Increase  by  seeds 

or  division. 
GAULTHERIA  NUMMULARIA.     White  and  pink. 

A  trailer.     Treat  as  Galax. 
GENISTA  ARDOINEI  (4-6  in.).     Yellow. 

—  PROSTRATA  (4-6  in.).     Yellow. 

Two  dwarf  brooms  for  the  back  or  middle. 
Increase  by  seeds. 
GENTIANA  ACAULIS  (2-4  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  south  in  loam  and  lime  or  in  good  garden 
soil  enriched  with  a  little  manure.  It  will 
do  well  in  the  moraine.  Increase  by  seed  or 
division. 

—  ASCLEPIADEA  (6-18  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  south-west  on  a  slope  in  half  shade. 
Increase  by  seed  or  division. 

—  FARRERI  (3  in.).     Light  blue. 

Plant  south-east  in  peat  and  leaf-mould. 
Increase  by  cuttings. 

—  LUTEA  (3-5  ft.).     Yellow. 

Plant  at  the  back,  and  increase  by  dividing  the 
roots. 

—  PNEUMONANTHE  (8-10  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  in  damp  peat,  and  raise  from  seed. 

—  SEPTEMFIDA  (6-18  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  loam  and  peat.  Increase 
by  division  or  seeds.  There  is  a  trailing  form 
Lagodichiana — good  and  easy. 

—  SINO-ORNATA  (3  in.).     Blue. 

Treat  as  Farreri.     A  good  plant. 

—  VERNA  (1-3  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  the  moraine  in 
peat,    loam    and    sand.     Top-dress  well  and 
firmly  and  keep  damp.     It  likes  a  little  lime. 
16 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


Increase  from  seed,  which  should  be  sown  when 
ripe. 

The  form  angulosa  is  good  and  easy. 
GERANIUM  ARGENTEUM  (4-6  in.).     Pale  rose. 

—  CINEREUM  (4-6  in.).     Red. 

Plant  between  rocks  in  loam  and  lime,  and 
enrich  with  a  little  manure.    Increase  by  seeds 
or  division. 
GEUM  REPTANS  (2-4  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  south-east  on  a  slope  in  ordinary  soil 
or  in  the  moraine.  Increase  by  runners  or  by 
seeds. 

—  ROSSI  (3-6  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  in  half  shade  or  in  the  moraine.  In- 
crease by  division  or  by  seeds. 

GLOBULARIA  NAN  A  (1-2  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  south  near  and  behind  a  rock  in  sandy 
soil  and  grit.  Increase  by  seeds  or  divi- 
sion. 

GNAPHALIUM  LEONTOPODIUM  (3-6  in.).     Yel- 
low. 

Plant  south  in  loam  and  lime,  and  protect  from 
cold  winds  in  May.  Increase  by  seeds. 

GUNNERA  DENTATA  (2-3  ft.). 

A  dwarf  kind  for  a  shady  place.  Increase  by 
detaching  the  root-shoots. 

GYPSOPHILA  CERASTIOIDES  (5-12  in.).     White. 

—  REPENS  (3-6  in.).     White  or  rose. 

Plant  south  in  sandy  soil  and  grit  with  a  little 
lime.  Increase  from  seed. 

HABERLEA  RHODOPENSIS  (4-6  in.). 

Plant,  like  Ramondias,  in  shade  between  rocks 
on  north  or  north-west  on  the  face  of  a  bank  in 
loam  and  peat.  Use  no  lime.  Increase  from 
seed. 

17 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


HELIANTHEMUM  (3-8  in.).     Various  colours. 
Plant  south  or  south-east  on  a  slope  in  sandy 
soil    and    lime.     Raise    from    seed    or    (more 
easily)  from  cuttings.    The  best  are  Sudbury 
Gem,  Venustum  plenum,  Terracotta,  Carneum. 

HELICHRYSUM  ARENARIUM  (3-4  in.).  Yellow. 
Plant  south  in  sandy  loam  (no  lime),  and 
increase  by  division. 

—  BELLIOIDES  (3-4  in.).     White. 
HELXINE  SOLIERII. 

A  creeping  mossy  plant  like  Arenaria  Balearica. 
HEPATICA  ANGULOSA  (6-12  in.).     Light  blue. 
Plant  in  half  shade  in  rich  porous  soil.     Pro- 
pagate by  root-division  in  spring  or  from  seed 
when  ripe. 

—  TRILOBA  (4-6  in.).     Blue. 
HEUCHERA  (9-15  in.).     Various  colours. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  good  soil.  The 
best  are  Sanguinea,  Brizoides,  Lady  Greenall 
and  Walker's.  Tiarellaoides  is  also  good. 
Propagate  from  seed  when  ripe  or  by  separat- 
ing the  crowns  in  the  autumn. 

HORMINUM    PYRENAICUM    (6-12    in.).     Bluish 
purple. 

Plant  between  stones  in  good  soil.  Propagate 
by  division  in  spring  or  from  seed. 

HOUSTONIA  C^RULEA  (and  ALBA)   (2-3   in.). 
Blue. 

Plant  in  leaf-mould  and  loam,  and  protect  from 
the  rain  in  the  winter.  Seed  should  be  sown 
every  year,  as  it  soon  dies  out. 

HUTCHINSIA  ALPINA  (2-4  in.).    White. 

Plant  south  or  south-west  between  rocks  in 
loam  and  lime.  Raise  from  seed. 

HYPERICUM  CORIS  (12  in.).    Yellow. 

—  FRAGILE  (12-15  in.).     Yellow. 

18 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


HYPERICUM  GRACILE  (12-15  in.).     Yellow. 

—  OLYMPICUM  (12-18  in.).     Yellow. 

—  POLYPHYLLUM  (12-18  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  all  these  behind  a  rock,  so  that  they  may 
hang  down,  in  sand,  loam  and  grit.  They  may 
be  cut  back  after  flowering.  Increase  by 
cuttings. 

—  REPTANS  (1-2  in.).     Yellow. 

Treat  as  above,  but  do  not  cut  back  too  much. 

IBERIS  CORRE^EFOLIA  (3-4  in.).     White. 

—  GIBRALTICA  (4-5  in.).     White. 

—  SAXATILIS  (3-6  in.).     White. 

—  SEMPER  VIRENS  (4  in.).     White. 

Plant  on  a  slope  behind  a  rock  in  sandy  soil. 

Increase  by  seeds  or  root-cuttings. 
INCARVILLEA  DELAVAYI  (ij  ft.).     Rose. 

Plant   south  in  good  loam  and  leaf-mould. 

Increase  by  seeds. 
IONIPSIDIUM  (2  in.).     Lilac. 

A  charming  annual.     Sow  in  half  shade   at 

intervals  of  2-3  weeks  through  the  spring  and 

summer.     It  looks  well  in  the  Alpine  house. 
IRIS  CRISTATA  (4-6  in.).     Blue. 

—  GRACILIPES  (4  in.).     Blue. 
-—  HISTRIOIDES  (6  in.).     Blue. 

—  LACUSTRIS  (4  in.).     Blue. 

—  PUMILA  (4-5  in.).     Violet-purple. 

—  RETICULATA  (12  in.).     Violet. 

Plant  these  in  half  shade  in  loam  and  peat,  and 
propagate  by  seeds  or  division,  Histrioides 
and  Reticulata  are  bulbous. 

JASIONE  PERENNIS  (i  ft.).     Blue. 

Plant  south  in  sandy  loam,  and  protect  from 
rain  in  winter.  Increase  by  seeds  or  by 
division  of  roots. 

19 


AN    ALPINE   ABC 


JUNIPERUS  HIBERNICA  NANA  (6-18  in.). 
A  charming  dwarf  shrub. 

—  PROSTRATA. 

—  TAMARISCIFOLIA. 

Good  dwarf  shrubs  for  the  back. 

LEONTOPODIUM.     See  Gnaphalium. 

LEWISIA  REDIVIVA  (1-3  in.).     Pink. 

Plant  south  in  a  crevice  and  keep  damp. 
Increase  by  seeds  or  division  of  the  roots. 

LIBERTIA  IXIOIDES  (12-18  in.).     White. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  loam  and  sand. 
Increase  by  dividing  the  tufts. 

LINARIA  ALPINA  (6  in.).     Bluish. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  on  a  slope  and 
between  rocks.  Cut  back  after  flowering,  and 
increase  by  seed.  Rosea  is  a  good  form. 

LINJUEA  BOREALIS  (i-xj  in.).     Reddish. 

Plant  behind  a  rock  in  the  shade  and  in  damp 
soil  in  peat  and  loam,  and  increase  by  divi- 
sion. 

LINUM  ALPINUM  (6  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  sand  and  loam. 
Cut  back  after  flowering. 

—  ARBOREUM  (12  in.).     Yellow. 

—  FLAVUM  (12  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  south-east  or  south-west  in  loam  and 
lime  grit,  and  take  cuttings. 

—  NARBONENSE   (12-18   in.).     Blue  or  white. 

—  PERENNE  (12-18  in.).     Blue  or  white. 

Plant  south  in  ordinary  soil  with  a  little  lime. 
Propagate  from  seed.     Cut  back  after  flowering. 
LITHOSPERMUM    GRAMINIFOLIUM    (6-12    in.). 
Deep  blue. 

Plant  south-east  in  loam  and  lime.     Increase 
by  seeds  or  division. 
20 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


LITHOSPERMUM     INTERMEDIUM      (3-6     in.). 

Blue. 
As  above. 

—  PROSTRATUM  (1^-3  in.).     Light  blue. 

Plant  on  the  slope  and  sheltered  from  the  wind 
in  loam,  peat,  leaf-mould  and  grit.  It  dis- 
likes lime.  There  is  also  a  lighter  blue  form, 
called  Heavenly  Blue.  Increase  by  cut- 
tings. 

—  ROSMARINIFOLIUM  (5-7  in.).     Blue. 

A  rather  delicate  form  for  the  Alpine  house. 
The  seeds  of  Lithospermum  germinate  best  in 
heat. 
LYCHNIS  LAGASC^E  (3  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  in  sandy,  soil  and  in  half  shade.  In- 
crease by  seeds. 

—  PYRENAICA  (3-4  in.).     Pale  rose. 

Plant  south  in  a  niche  in  lime  and  loam  between 
limestones.  Increase  from  seeds. 

—  VISCARIA  (12-14  in.).     Various  colours. 

Increase  by  seeds  or  division  of  the  tufts. 

MAIANTHEMUM  BIFOLIUM  (or  CONVALLARIA) 
(4-8  in.).     White. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  sandy  loam.    Increase  by 

dividing  the  root-stocks. 
MALVASTRUM  MUNROANUM  (6-8  in.).     Scarlet. 

Plant  south  on  a  slope  in  moderate  soil.     Take 

cuttings  each  year. 
MAZUS  PUMILIO  (i-i|  in.).     Violet. 

—  RUGOSUS  (1-2  in.).     Violet. 

Plant  south-east  or  south-west  on  a  slope  in 
loam  and  grit.  Increase  by  seed  or  by  division 
of  the  tufts. 

MECONOPSIS       INTEGRIFOLIA       (12-18       in.). 
Yellow. 

21 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


MECONOPSIS  WALLICHII  (3-5  ft.).     Blue. 

Plant  both  these  poppies  in  half  shade  and 
in  a  damp  place  in  loam,  peat  and  grit.  Shelter 
from  the  east  wind,  and  water  in  the  sum- 
mer. 

Seed  should  be  sown  every  year.  Integrifolia 
does  best  in  the  Alpine  house. 

MENTHA  REQUIENII  (2-4  in.).     Purple. 

Plant  south  in  good  soil  and  use  as  a  carpet. 
Propagate  by  dividing  the  shoots.  If  difficult, 
try  in  a  pot  in  the  Alpine  house. 

MERTENSIA  SIBIRICA  (6-8  in.).     Purple-blue. 

—  VIRGINICA  (6-8  in.).     Purple-blue. 

Plant  south-east  in  half  shade  in  loam,  leaf- 
mould  and  sand  in  a  dampish  place.  Increase 
by  division. 

MORISIA  HYPOG^EA  (2-3  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  south  in  a  well-drained  place  in  leaf- 
mould  and  loam.  Top-dress  well  in  autumn. 
It  does  better  in  the  Alpine  house.  Increase 
by  seed  or  division. 

MUHLENBECKIA  NANA  (1-3  in.).     Pinkish. 

Plant  in  sandy  loam  for  covering  a  rock. 
Propagate  by  cuttings. 

MYOSOTIS  RUPICOLA  (2-3  in.).     Bright  blue. 

Plant  south  in  loam,  lime  and  grit,  or  in  the 
moraine  wedged  between  large  stones — pre- 
ferably limestones.  Protect  from  winter 
rains.  Sow  frequently. 

—  RUTH  FISCHER  (3-4  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  loam  and  lime. 
Increase  by  seed. 

NARCISSUS   CYCLAMINEUS   (6-8   in.).     Lemon. 

—  TRIANDRUS   ALBUS    (6-7   in.).     Pale   yellow 
or  white. 

22 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


Plant  both  these  south  in  loam,  and  increase 

by  seed  or  by  separation. 
NEPETA  MUSSINI  (12-18  in.).     Pale  blue. 

Plant  in  ordinary  soil,  but  not  in  a  choice  place. 

Increase  by  division. 
NERTERA  DEPRESS  A  (6-12  in.).     Green. 

Plant  north  in  light  loam  and  leaf -mould,  and 

water  well  in  summer.     Propagate  by  dividing 

the  tufts  or  from  seed.     An  interesting  little 

plant,  but  best  in  the  Alpine  house. 
NIEREMBERGIA        FRUTESCENS.    (12-18    in.). 
Blue  and  white. 

Plant  south  in  loam.    Cut  back  in  April,  and 

increase  by  seed. 

—  RIVULARIS  (1-3  in.).     White. 

Plant  south  in  good  sandy  loam  and  top-dress 
well.     It  does  best  in  a  dampish  place. 

(ENOTHERA  MACROCARPA  (12-18  in.).    Yellow. 

Plant  south-east  at  the  back  of  a  rock  in  loam 
and  lime.     Increase  by  seed  or  by  cuttings. 

OLEARIA  GUNNI  (1^-3  ft).     White. 

An  attractive  shrub  for  the  back.     It  should  be 
cut  back  after  flowering. 

OMPHALODES  LUCILLE  (4-6  in.).     Lilac-blue. 
Plant  south  in  sandy  soil.     Increase  by  seeds 
or  division.     Protect  from  rain  in  the  winter. 

—  VERNA  (i  J-2  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  high  between  stones  where  it  may  have 

its  way.     Increase  by  cuttings. 
ONONIS  ROTUNDIFOLIA  (i-i  J  ft.).     Rose. 

A  shrubby  plant  for  the  middle  distance. 
ONOSMA  TAURICUM  (6-12  in.).    Yellow. 

Plant  south  behind  a  rock  in  loam  and  lime. 

Protect  from  winter  rain,  and  propagate  by 

layering  like  carnations,  or  by  seed. 

3  23 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


ORCHIS  FOLIOSA  (ij-2j  ft.).     Purple. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  loam  and  lime.     Increase 

by  seeds. 
OURISIA  COCCINEA  (6-12  in.).     Scarlet. 

Plant  in  half  shade  between  stones  in  loam, 

peat  and  lime.     Increase  by  seeds  or  division. 
OXALIS  ADENOPHYLLA  (3-4  in.).     Pink. 

A  lovely  form.     Treat  as  Enneaphylla. 

—  ENNEAPHYLLA   (also   E.    ROSEA)   (3-4   in.). 
White. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  loam,  leaf-mould, 
and  grit.  Increase  by  division  of  bulbs.  A 
beautiful  little  plant. 

—  FLORIBUNDA  (9-12  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  on  a  slope  between  stones  with  plenty 
of  room.  Take  offsets. 

—  LOBATA  (3-5  in.).     Yellow. 

As  Enneaphylla,  but  perhaps  best  in  the  Alpine 
house. 

PAPAVER  ALPINUM  (2-4  in.).     Various  colours. 

Plant  or  sow  in  sandy  loam.     There  should 

be  masses  of  these. 
PARNASSIA  (1-3  in.).     White. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  a  damp  place  in  loam 

and  leaf-mould.     It  wants  constant  renewing 

by  division  or  seed. 

PELARGONIUM    ENDLICHERIANUM    (1-2    ft.). 
Rose. 

Plant  south  in  sandy  loam,  and  propagate  by 

cuttings. 
PENSTEMON  C^ERULEUS  (10-15  in.).     Lavender. 

—  GLABER  ROSEUS  (6-20  in.).     Rose. 

—  HETEROPHYLLUS  (18  in.).     Pink  or  rose. 

—  MENZIESI  (12  in.).     Purple. 

—  PUBESCENS  (1-2  ft).    Bluish-violet 

24 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


PENSTEMON  SCOULERI  (1-2  ft.). 

Plant  these  south  in  loam,  leaf -mould  and  grit. 
Cut  away  old  foliage  in  spring.  Increase  by 
seeds  or  cuttings. 

PHILESIA  BUXIFOLIA  (2-3  ft.).     Rose. 

A  small  shrub.  Plant  in  half  shade  in  a  moder- 
ately damp  place  in  peat,  loam  and  sand.  If 
it  grows  freely,  peg  down  the  shoots. 

PHLOMIS  FRUTICOSA  (2  ft.).     Yellow. 

An  effective  plant  for  the  back.  Increase  by 
cuttings  or  seeds. 

PHLOX  AMCENA  (6-15  in.).     Pink. 

—  DIVARICATA  (or  Canadensis)  (9-16  in.).    Lilac. 

—  DOUGLASII  (6-12  in.). 

—  OVATA  (12  in.).     Reddish. 

—  STELLARIA  (18  in.).     Soft  blue. 

—  SUBULATA  (6-12  in.).     Pink  or  white. 

The  Bride.     White  with  pink  eye. 

Daisy  Hill.     Rose  and  red  centre. 

G.  F.  Wilson.     Mauve. 

Nelsoni.     White. 

Nivalis.     White. 

Vivid.     Rose  and  red  centre. 

Nearly  all  the  phloxes  should  be  planted  in 
sand  and  loam  on  a  slope  where  they  may 
hang  down  over  stones.  Cut  back  when  they 
get  too  lank.  Increase  by  cuttings  or  from 
seed. 

PICEA  PUMILA  (1-2 i  ft.). 
A  dwarf  shrub. 

PINGUICULA  GRANDIFLORA   (3-6  in.).     Violet. 

—  REUTERI  (3-5  in.).     Pink  and  white. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  a  moist  spot  in  rich 
loam.  They  are  difficult  to  grow.  Propagate 
by  dividing  the  crowns  in  spring  or  from 
seed. 

35 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


PLUMBAGO  LARPENT/E  (1-2  ft.)    Blue  or  violet. 

Plant  full  south  in  sandy  loam,  and  propagate 

by  division  in  spring  or  from  seed  or  from 

cuttings. 
PODOPHYLLUM  EMODI  (6-12  in.).     White. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  good  soil.     Increase  by 

seed  or  by  division  of  the  roots. 
POLEMONIUM  HUMILE  (6  in.).     Blue. 

Plant    south-west  in    loam,   leaf-mould    and 

sand.     Divide  every  other  year. 
POLYGALA  CHAWLEBUXUS    (also    PURPUREA) 
(6  in.).     Creamy  yellow. 

Plant  south-east  on  a  slope  in  loam,  peat  and 

sand.     Increase  by  seeds  or  cuttings. 
POLYGONUM  AFFINE  (6-8  In.).     Rose. 

—  VACCINEFOLIUM  (9-12  in.).    Pink. 

Plant  high  up  on  a  slope.     Divide  the  roots. 
POTENTILLA  CLUSIANA  (2-3  in.).    White. 
Plant  as  Pyrenaica. 

—  FRUTICOSA  (I  ft.).     Yellow. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  good  soil.  It 
likes  moisture.  Propagate  by  cuttings  in 
spring  or  from  seeds. 

—  NITIDA  (3-6  in.).    White  or  pink. 

—  PYRENAICA  (6-15  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  these  south  in  loam,  leaf -mould  and  grit, 
or  in  the  moraine.  Top-dress  carefully.  In- 
crease by  division  of  the  root-stocks. 

PRATIA  ANGULATA  (i  in.).    White. 

Plant  south  or  south-east  on  a  slope  in  light 
soil.  Increase  by  division  of  the  tufts  or  by 
seeds. 

PRIMULA    AURICULA    MARGINATA    (2-3    in.). 
Yellow. 

Plant  on  a  slope  in  loam  and  clay  wedged 
between  stones. 

26 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


PRIMULA  BEESIANA  (3-6  in.).     Purple. 

—  BULLEYANA  (3-6  in.).     Orange. 

—  CAPITATA  (6-9  in.).     Violet-purple. 

—  CLUSIANA  (6-9  in.).     Rose. 

—  COCKBURNIANA  (6-9  in.).     Dark  red. 

—  DENTICULATA  (8-12  in.).     Lilac. 

There  is  also  a  white  form — Alba. 

—  FARINOSA  (3-10  in.).     Lilac. 

—  FRONDOSA  (3-8  in.).     Lilac. 

—  GLAUCESCENS  (3-8  in.).    Magenta-rose. 

Plant  among  stones. 

—  GLUTINOSA  (4  in.).     Bluish-purple. 

—  HELODOXA  (2J-4  ft.).     Yellow. 

A  fine  thing,  and  must  be  in  damp  place. 

—  INTERMEDIA  (6  in.). 

—  INVOLUCRATA  (8-12  in.).    White. 

No  lime. 

—  IPSWICH    HYBRID    (8-12    in.).     Orange    or 
scarlet. 

—  JAPONICA  (18-20  in.).    Crimson. 

—  JULIiE  (3-5  in.).     Reddish  purple. 

—  LISSADELL  (8-10  in.).     Red. 

—  LITTONIANA  (14-18  in.).     Lilac  or  purple. 

—  PULVERULENTA     (18-20    in.).      Rich    dark 
crimson. 

—  ROSEA  (2-3  in.).     Rose. 

—  SIKKIMENSIS  (iJ-2  ft).     Yellow. 

Plant  above  three  in  half  shade  in  a  boggy  place 
in  loam,  leaf-mould  and  grit. 

—  SPECTABILIS  (10-12  in.).     Rose. 

—  VEITCHII  (10-15  in.).     Rose. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  loam. 

—  WINTERI  (8-12  in.).     Mauve. 

All  primulas  like  damp,  and  many  do  well  in 
the    moraine.      Some,    like    Juliae,    Helodoxa, 
Sikkimensis,  Japonica,  Pulverulenta,  Rosea  and 
27 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


Involucrata,  are  happy  in  a  boggy  place. 
Nearly  all  the  above  should  be  planted  in  half 
shade  in  loam  and  grit  and  (except  Involu- 
crata) with  a  little  lime.  Increase  by  seeds  or 
by  division  of  the  tufts. 

PROPHET'S  FLOWER.     See  Arnebia. 

PRUNELLA  GRANDIFLORA  (6  in.).     Violet. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  ordinary  soil.  Propa- 
gate by  division  in  autumn. 

PULMONARIA  RUBRA  (12-18  in.).     Red. 

Plant  south-west  on  a  slope  in  leaf -mould  and 
loam.  Increase  by  division. 

PYROLA  ROTUNDIFOLIA  (6  in.).     White. 

Plant  in  the  shade  in  loam,  leaf-mould  and 
peat.  Increase  by  seeds. 


RAMONDIA  NATHALIE  (3-7  in.).     Lilac. 
Treat  as  below,  but  add  no  lime. 

—  PYRENAICA  (4-8  in.).     Lilac. 

Plant  north  between  stones  on  a  sloping  bank 
in  peat,  loam  and  lime.  The  plants  should  be 
pressed  vertically  against  the  soil,  and  watered 
in  hot  weather.  Increase  by  seeds  (a  slow  pro- 
cess) or  by  dividing  the  tufts.  There  is  a  white 
form. 

RANUNCULUS      AMPLEXICAULIS  *  (3-10      in.). 
White. 

—  GRAMINEUS  (6-10  in.).     Yellow. 

—  PARNASSIFOLIUS  (3-6  in.).     White. 

Plant  these  in  half  shade  in  a  damp  place  in 
loam  and  leaf-mould.  Increase  by  division, 
off-sets  or  seeds. 

RETINOSPERA  NANA  (i£-2j  ft.). 
A  dwarf  shrub. 

28 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


RHODODENDRON    CHAM^CISTUS    (12-18    in.). 
Rose. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  peat  and  sand.  Among 
Alpine  rhododendrons  the  best  are :  Ferrugin- 
cum,  Hirsutum,  Praecox,  Ciliatum,  Racemosum. 

RIBES  PUMILUM  (12-15  in.). 

A  dwarf  shrub.  Propagate  by  cuttings  in 
autumn. 

ROSA  ALPINA  (6-18  in.). 

—  POLYANTHA  NANA  (10-24  In.). 

Plant  in  full  sun. 
ROSMARINUS  PROSTRATUS  (4-6  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  on  a  slope.     Propagate  by  cuttings. 
RUBUS  ARCTICUS  (6  in.).     Rose. 

Plant    south    in    sandy    loam.     Increase    by 

suckers  or  division. 

SANTOLINA  SQUARROSA  (12-18  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  in  a  mass  on  a  slope  in  ordinary  soil. 

Propagate  by  division  or  by  cuttings. 
SAPONARIA  CJESPITOSA  (3-6  in.).     Rose. 

—  OCYMOIDES    SPLENDENS    (6-12    in.).     Deep 
rose. 

Plant  these  south  between  stones  in  loam  and 
grit.  Increase  by  seeds  in  September.  Cses- 
pitosa  is  a  compact  plant ;  ocymoides  is  a 
trailer. 

SAXIFRAGA  *  :   (I)  Encrusted.     (II)  Mossy.     (Ill) 
Cushion. 

1  This  genus  contains  over  150  species,  and  in  a 
small  book  it  is  impossible  to  describe  the  various 
sections  in  which  the  best  Saxifrages  are  placed. 
The  three  divisions  given  here  are  therefore 
approximately  and  not  scientifically  correct. 

29 


AN    ALPINE   ABC 


I.  ENCRUSTED  (Resetted). 

SAXIFRAGAAIZOONBALCANA  (5-10  in.).   Pink- 
spotted. 

LUTEA  (8-12  in.).     Yellow. 

PECTINATA  (5-10  in.).    White. 

ROSE  A  (4-8  in.).     Rose. 

ROSULARIS  (9-12  in.).     Rose. 

—  CARINTHIACA.     (4-6  in.).     White. 

—  COCHLEARIS  (i-i  j  ft.).     White. 

—  COTYLEDON  PYRAMIDALIS  (1-2  ft.).     White. 

—  CRIESBACHII  (4-5  in.).     Scarlet. 

—  HOSTII  (12  in.).     White. 

—  LINGULATA  LANTOSCANA  (12-18  in.).  White. 

—  LONGIFOLIA  (1-2  ft.).     White. 

—  MACNABIANA  (4-7  in.).    White,  speckled  rose. 

All  these  require  similar  treatment.  They 
should  be  planted  south  or  south-east  on  a 
slight  slope  in  limestone  grit  and  loam  tightly 
wedged  between  stones  (limestones  for  choice). 
Increase  by  division. 

II.  MOSSY. 

SAXIFRAGA  BATHONIENSIS  (5-6  in.).     Red. 

—  GRANULATA  (6-12  in.).     White. 

—  GUILDFORD  SEEDLING  (2-4  in.).     Rose. 
[—  OPPOSITIFOLIA  (6-8  in.).     Rose.p 

[Place  north.     Splendeus  is  the  best  variety.] 

—  RHEI  SUPERBA  (2-5  in.).     Rose. 

—  STANSFIELDII  (3-8  in.).     White. 

—  WALLACEI  (3-8  in.).     White. 

These  should  be  planted  in  half  shade  south- 
west or  south-east  in  loam,  sand  and  grit. 
They  usually  decay  in  the  centre,  and  when  this 

Perhaps  hardly  belongs  to  this  section. 
30 


AN    ALPINE   ABC 


begins  take  up  the  whole  plant  and  replant  the 
sound  portions  in  another  part  of  the  rock- 
garden.  Increase  by  seed  or  by  division. 

III.  CUSHION  (Kabschia). 

SAXIFRAGA  APICULATA  (and  ALBA)  (3-6  in.). 
Primrose. 

—  BOYDII  (3-5  in.).    Primrose. 

—  BURSERIANA  (2-3  in.).     White. 

—  FALDONSIDE  (4-6  in.).     Yellow. 

—  LILACINA  (2-4  in.).     Lilac. 

—  PAULINA  (3-6  in.).     Yellow. 

—  SALOMONI  (3-5  in.).     White. 

—  SANCTA  (2-3  in.).     Yellow. 

These  should  be  planted  in  half  shade  between 
stones  in  loam  and  lime  grit.  They  should 
be  protected  from  excessive  winter  rains,  but 
should  be  kept  moist  in  summer.  Increase  by 
division  or  from  seeds. 
SCABIOSA  CAUCASICA  (1-3  ft.).  Blue. 

—  PARNASSIFOLIA  (1-2  ft.). 

Plant  south  or  south-east  in  sandy  loam. 
Increase  from  seeds. 

SCHIZOCODON    SOLDANELLIOIDES     (2-3     in.). 
Rose. 

A  lovely  but  difficult  plant  which  should  be 
grown  in  peat  and  sand  in  the  sun  and  sheltered 
from  the  wind.  Divide  the  tufts.  It  should  be 
grown  in  a  cold  or  Alpine  house. 

SCHIZOSTYLIS  COCCINEA  (i|-2i  ft.).     Scarlet. 
Plant  south    in    loam,    leaf-mould   and   grit 
against  a  rock.     Increase  by  division. 

SEDUM  ANGLICUM.     Whitish. 

—  C^ERULEUM.     Blue. 

Plant  south.     This  is  an  annual. 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


SEDUM  CORSICUM.    White. 

—  KAMSCHATICUM.     Yellow. 

—  PILOSUM.     Salmon-rose. 

Practically  an  annual. 

—  PULCHELLUM.     Rose. 

—  REFLEXUM.     Yellow. 

—  SEMPERVIVUM.     Scarlet. 

—  SIEBOLDI.     Pink. 

—  SPATHULIFOLIUM  PURPUREUM.     Yellow. 

—  TENELLUM.    White. 

These  are  all  low-growing,  and  should  be  planted 
south  in  loam  and  grit.  They  do  well  in  rock 
crevices.  Increase  by  seeds,  cuttings  or  division. 

SEMPERVIVUM  ARACHNOIDEUM  (3-4  in.).  Red. 
Plant  on  the  rock  in  moist  clay.  Increase  by 
seed  or  division. 

SHORTIA  GALACIFOLIA  (2-3  in.).    White. 

—  UNIFLORA  GRANDIFLORA  (xJ-2  in.).     White 
to  rose. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  good  sandy  loam  and 
leaf-mould.  Increase  by  seed  or  division. 

SILENE  ACAULIS  (2-3  in.).     Pink. 

ALBA. 

This  is  better  than  the  type. 

—  ALPESTRIS  (6  in.).     White. 

—  PUMILIO  (2-3  in.).     Rose. 

—  SCHAFTA  (6  in.).     Purple. 

Plant    these    south,    tightly   packed    between 
stones    in    loam,   sand  and  leaf -mould.      In- 
crease by  seeds,  cuttings  or  division. 
SOLDANELLA  ALPINA  (2-4  in.).     Violet. 

—  MONTANA  (2-4  in.).    Violet. 

Better  than  above. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  a  dampish  place  in  loam 
and  grit.     Top-dress  well  two  or  three  times  a 
year.     Increase  by  seed  or  division. 
32 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


SPIRAEA  DECUMBENS  (1-3  ft). 

—  SIMPLICIFOLIA  (1-3  ft). 

Two  charming  dwarf  shrubs. 

STACHYS  CORSICA  (1-2  in.).     Violet. 

Plant  in  ordinary  soil,  and  propagate  by  divid- 
ing the  crowns  in  autumn. 

STATICE  LATIFOLIA  (12  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  in  ordinary  soil, 'and  propagate  by  division 
or  root-cuttings  or  seed  in  the  spring. 

SYNTHIRIS  RENIFORMIS  (3-6  in.).     Violet-blue. 
Plant  in  half  shade  in  loam,  peat  and  a  little 
lime.     Increase  by  seed  or  division. 

THALICTRUM       ANEMONOIDES       (6-12      in.). 
White. 

Plant  in  deep  moist  sand  and  peat  in  half 
shade.  Propagate  from  seed. 

THUJA  NANA  (15-24  in.). 
A  dwarf  shrub. 

THYMUS  AZORICUS  (3-4  in.).     Rose  or  purple. 
Plant  south  in  ordinary  soil.     Cut  back  when 
too    strong.     Increase    by    division    or    cut- 
tings. 

—  SERPYLLUS    COCCINEUS    (ij-2j    in.).    Rose. 
TIARELLA  CORDIFOLIA  (4-7  in.).     White. 

Plant  south-west  in  ordinary  soil.     Propagate 
by  dividing  the  roots. 
TRILLIUM  GRANDIFLORUM  (12-18  in.).     White. 

—  RUBRUM  (8-15  in.).     Red. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  a  damp  place  in  loam  and 
leaf -mould.     Divide  the  root-stocks. 
TRITOMA  RUFA  (12-18  in.). 

Plant  in  good  loam,  and  propagate  by  division 
of  the  roots  or  from  the  suckers  in  spring  or 
from  seed. 

33 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


TROLLIUS  ASIATICUS  (12-18  in.).     Dark  yellow. 

—  ORANGE  GLOBE  (12-18  in.).     Yellow. 

—  PUMILUS  (6-12  in.).     Yellow. 

Plant  in  moist  or  boggy  soil,  and  propagate  by 

division  in  autumn. 
TROP^EOLUM  POLYPHYLLUM  (1-2  ft.).     Yellow. 

This  is  a  trailer.     Plant  in  loam  and  sand. 

Increase  from  the  young  bulbs. 
TULIPA  PULCHELLA  (3-8  in.).     Lilac. 

Plant  south  in  sandy  loam.     Increase  by  off- 
sets or  seeds. 
TUNICA  SAXIFRAGA  (2-3  in.).     Rose. 

Plant   south   or   south-east   in   ordinary   soil. 

Increase  by  division. 

UVULARIA  GRANDIFLORA  (1-2  ft.).     Yellow. 
Plant  in  half  shade  in  sand  and  peat.     Increase 
by  dividing  the  roots  or  by  seed. 

VANCOUVERIA  HEXANDRA  (12-18  in.).     Light 
rose. 

Plant  in  half  shade  in  loam  and  peat.  In- 
crease by  division  or  by  seeds. 

VERBENA  VENOSA  (12-18  in.).     Blue-violet. 
Plant  south  or  south-east  in  good  soil,  and  pro- 
pagate by  cuttings  in  spring. 

VERONICA  BIDWILLI  (3-6  in.).     Lilac. 
Plant  south  between  stones  in  loam. 

—  PECTINATA  (8-12  in.).     Rose. 

—  REPENS  (8-12  in.).     Blue. 

—  SALICORNOIDES.     (3-6   in.).     Gold  foliage. 

—  SAXATILIS  (6-8  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  these  south  or  south-east  in  sandy  loam, 
and  top-dress  well  in  the  autumn  with  the 
same.  The  creeping  kinds  will  then  root 
freely  and  widely.  Increase  by  cuttings  or 
division. 

34 


AN    ALPINE    ABC 


VIOLA  CALCARATA  (3-4  in.).     Blue  or  white. 

—  CORNUTA  (3-4  in.).     Pale  blue. 
PAPILIO  (3-4  in.).     Pale  violet. 

—  GRACILIS  (3-4  in.).    Purple. 

These  Violas  should  be  planted  south  in  poor 
sandy  loam. 

—  PEDATA  (i  1-2  in.).     Blue. 

This  wants  careful  treatment,  and  is  often  only 
an  annual.  Plant  in  loam  and  leaf-mould  in 
damp  soil.  Increase  all  Violas  by  seeds  or 
cuttings. 

WAHLENBERGIA     (EDRAIANTHUS)     DALMA- 
TICA  (2-3  in.).     Blue. 

—  PUMILIO  (2-3  in.).     Lilac. 

—  SERPYLLIFOLIA  (2  in.).     Blue. 

Plant  these  south  or  south-east  between  rocks 
in  loam,  grit  and  sand.  They  will  also  do 
well  in  the  moraine.  Increase  by  seed, 

YUCCA  GLORIOSA  (4-5  ft.).    White. 

A  fine  plant  for  the  back,  which  should  be 
planted  in  good  loam  with  no  lime.  Propagate 
by  dividing  the  tufts  at  the  base  in  spring  or 
by  detaching  the  buds  which  are  made  under- 
ground. 

ZAUSCHNERIA  CALIFORNIA  (12  in.).     Scarlet. 
Plant  full  south  in  sandy  loam.     Increase  by 
seeds  or  division  of  roots. 


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YA   GDI  bo 


